”The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts.
Do not waste your time on what you cannot control or change.”
— Marcus Aurelius
Stoicism is a philosophical movement that originated in ancient Greece and was founded by Zeno of Citium. It emphasizes the importance of living in accordance with reason and virtue, and teaches that the key to happiness and contentment is the ability to accept whatever happens, without trying to change it.
One of the central ideas of Stoicism is that we have little control over external events, but we have complete control over how we react to them. This means that we should not let our happiness be dependent on external circumstances, but rather focus on cultivating a strong inner character and a peaceful state of mind.
Another important aspect of Stoicism is the concept of “apathy,” which does not mean a lack of emotion, but rather a detachment from external events. This does not mean that Stoics are indifferent to the suffering of others, but rather that they believe that the only way to truly help others is to cultivate a sense of inner peace and wisdom, rather than becoming emotionally involved in their problems.
Stoicism has had a significant influence on Western philosophy, and its ideas have been embraced by many notable figures throughout history, including the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, who wrote extensively about Stoicism in his personal journal, “Meditations.”
The five key virtues of Stoicism, as outlined by Marcus Aurelius, are wisdom, courage, justice, self-control, and temperance. By cultivating these virtues, we can live a fulfilling and meaningful life and find inner peace and resilience in the face of adversity.
1. Wisdom: Wisdom is the ability to see things as they truly are and to act in accordance with reason. Marcus Aurelius writes that “the only wealth which you will keep forever is the wealth you have given away.” This means that true wisdom comes from sharing knowledge and helping others, rather than hoarding information or seeking power for its own sake.
2. Courage: Courage is the ability to face challenges and adversity with strength and resilience. Marcus Aurelius writes that “the best revenge is to be unlike him who performed the injury.” This means that, rather than seeking revenge or dwelling on negative emotions, we should strive to be better and to rise above those who have wronged us.
3. Justice: Justice is the ability to act in a fair and equitable manner towards others. Marcus Aurelius writes that “if you seek justice, then do justice to others, and do not be diverted from justice by any consideration.” This means that we should strive to treat others with fairness and respect, even when it is difficult or inconvenient.
4. Self-control: Self-control is the ability to regulate our thoughts, emotions, and actions in a way that is in alignment with our values. Marcus Aurelius writes that “the first rule is to keep an untroubled spirit. The second is to look things in the face and know them for what they are.” This means that we should strive to maintain a sense of inner peace and to approach challenges and setbacks with a clear and level-headed mind.
5. Temperance: Temperance is the ability to practice moderation and to avoid excess. Marcus Aurelius writes that “the only thing that is yours is the present moment; all else is external and beyond your control.” This means that we should focus on the present moment and strive to live in a way that is balanced and mindful, rather than getting caught up in the pursuit of material possessions or fleeting pleasures.
Despite being an ancient philosophy, the teachings of Stoicism are still highly relevant today, and many people find its ideas to be a helpful guide for living a more fulfilling and meaningful life. If you are interested in learning more about Stoicism, there are many resources available, including books and online articles, as well as groups and communities that meet to discuss and practice Stoicism.
